Forearm/Wrist Overuse injuries
What are Forearm/Wrist Overuse Injuries?
Forearm and wrist overuse injuries occur when repetitive movements place prolonged stress on the muscles, tendons, or nerves in the area. Unlike acute injuries that result from a single trauma, overuse injuries develop gradually over time due to repetitive strain without adequate rest or recovery. These conditions are common in athletes, musicians, manual laborers, and individuals who perform repetitive tasks such as typing or assembly line work.
Causes of Forearm/Wrist Overuse Injuries
These injuries result from repetitive motion or sustained strain on the forearm and wrist. Common causes include:
- Repetitive wrist movements, such as typing, using tools, or playing an instrument
- Improper technique, particularly in sports like tennis or weightlifting
- Poor ergonomics, at workstations or during manual tasks
- Overtraining or lack of rest, in athletes or active individuals
- Vibration exposure, from power tools or machinery
- Prolonged gripping, common in drivers, hairstylists, and painters
When tissues don’t have time to recover, microtrauma accumulates, leading to inflammation and dysfunction.
What are the Symptoms of Forearm/Wrist Overuse Injuries?
Symptoms tend to develop gradually and worsen with continued activity. Common signs include:
- Dull, aching pain in the forearm or wrist
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity
- Swelling or tenderness, around tendons or joints
- Weakness or decreased grip strength
- Tingling or numbness, particularly if nerves are irritated
- Pain with specific activities, such as lifting, typing, or twisting
Ignoring these symptoms may lead to more serious conditions, such as tendon tears or chronic nerve compression.
How are Forearm/Wrist Overuse Injuries Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a detailed history and physical exam and may also include imaging studies and other tests:
- Activity review, to identify repetitive motions or improper techniques
- Palpation and movement tests, to assess pain and range of motion
- Special tests, like Tinel’s or Finkelstein’s, to isolate specific tendons or nerves
- Imaging, such as ultrasound or MRI, to detect tendonitis or inflammation
- Nerve conduction studies, if symptoms suggest nerve involvement
What are the Treatment Options for Forearm/Wrist Overuse Injuries?
Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, correcting technique, and restoring function:
- Rest and activity modification, to allow healing
- Ice and anti-inflammatory medications, to reduce pain and swelling
- Bracing or splinting, to support and offload the affected area
- Physical or occupational therapy, for stretching, strengthening, and ergonomic retraining
- Steroid injections, in persistent or severe cases
- Surgical intervention, only if conservative measures fail
A proactive approach can prevent recurrence and maintain long-term function.