Hand Tendon Ruptures
Hand tendon ruptures result in loss of motion or grip due to torn or severed tendons controlling finger or thumb movement. Prompt surgical repair and rehabilitation are key to restoring hand strength and function. The hand and upper extremity specialists at The Hand, Wrist, and Elbow institute with offices in Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding regions provide expert diagnosis and personalized care for hand tendon ruptures using advanced surgical and nonsurgical interventions followed by individualized hand rehabilitation. Call The Hand, Wrist and Elbow institute to make an appointment at any one of our convenient locations and experience state-of-the-art care with compassion.
What is a Hand Tendon Rupture?
A hand tendon rupture occurs when one of the tendons in the hand tears completely, separating from the muscle or bone it connects. This rupture leads to a loss of movement in the affected finger or thumb. Tendons in the hand are responsible for bending (flexor tendons) and straightening (extensor tendons) the fingers and thumb. When ruptured, these tendons can no longer transmit the force needed for movement, causing immediate functional impairment.
Causes of Hand Tendon Ruptures
Tendon ruptures may be caused by injury, overuse, or underlying medical conditions. Common causes include:
- Traumatic injuries, such as deep cuts, crush injuries, or sudden forced movement
- Rheumatoid arthritis, which weakens tendons over time, making them more prone to rupture
- Wear-and-tear degeneration, especially in the elderly or individuals with repetitive strain
- Infections, particularly after a puncture wound or untreated laceration
- Direct impact or forced hyperextension during sports or accidents
What are the Symptoms of a Hand Tendon Rupture?
Hand tendon ruptures typically present with a sudden loss of motion and changes in appearance or function. Symptoms may include:
- Inability to bend or straighten a finger or thumb
- Popping or snapping sound at the time of injury
- Pain and swelling in the affected area
- A drooping finger or thumb, also known as “mallet finger” in extensor ruptures
- Visible deformity or change in finger posture
- Loss of grip strength
The symptoms are typically immediate and noticeable after the tendon fails.
How is a Hand Tendon Rupture Diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves both physical examination and imaging:
- Clinical exam, checking for loss of active motion and tendon continuity
- Ultrasound, to visualize the tendon rupture and assess tendon ends
- MRI, which can provide detailed images of both tendon and surrounding soft tissue
- X-rays, to rule out associated bone injury or avulsion fractures
What are the Treatment Options for a Hand Tendon Rupture?
Treatment depends on the severity, type of tendon, and patient activity level:
- Surgical repair, typically required for complete tendon ruptures
- Tendon grafting, used when direct repair is not possible
- Splinting, to immobilize and protect the repaired tendon
- Physical therapy, essential for regaining range of motion and strength
Non-surgical treatment, may be an option for select extensor tendon injuries