Ulna Fracture
An ulna fracture, often caused by a fall or direct impact, can result in forearm pain, swelling, and difficulty with wrist or elbow movement. Proper alignment and stabilization through casting or surgery are vital for full recovery and function. The hand and upper extremity specialists at The Hand, Wrist, and Elbow institute with offices in Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding regions provide expert diagnosis and personalized care for ulna fractures using advanced surgical and nonsurgical interventions with individualized rehabilitation. Call The Hand, Wrist and Elbow institute to make an appointment at any one of our convenient locations and experience state-of-the-art care with compassion.
What is an Ulna Fracture?
An ulna fracture refers to a break in the ulna, one of the two long bones in the forearm (the other being the radius). The ulna runs along the pinky finger side of the forearm and is essential for elbow joint stability and forearm movement. Ulna fractures can occur alone or in combination with injuries to the radius or nearby joints such as the wrist or elbow. The severity can range from small hairline cracks to complete breaks that displace the bone.
Causes of Ulna Fractures
Ulna fractures typically result from direct trauma or force transmitted through the arm. Common causes include:
- Direct blows: Such as being hit by a heavy object or in physical altercations (often called a "nightstick fracture").
- Falls on an outstretched arm: A common mechanism of injury, especially in sports or accidents.
- Car accidents: High-impact collisions can result in complex forearm injuries.
- Sports injuries: Contact sports or activities with high fall risk, such as skateboarding or snowboarding.
- Twisting injuries: Sudden rotational forces can cause spiral or oblique fractures, especially when paired with a fall or impact.
What are the Symptoms of Ulna Fractures?
Ulna fractures typically cause immediate and noticeable symptoms. These may include:
- Severe pain along the forearm or near the elbow
- Swelling and bruising around the injury site
- Deformity or visible bending of the arm
- Inability to move the wrist, elbow, or forearm normally
- Tenderness or sharp pain when touched
- Crepitus, or a grinding sound during movement
- Numbness or tingling, especially if nerves are affected
How is an Ulna Fracture Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a physical exam to check for tenderness, deformity, and neurovascular integrity. Imaging is then used to confirm the fracture and guide treatment:
- X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool and are taken from multiple angles to assess the fracture type and displacement.
- CT scans may be needed for complex or joint-involving fractures to better visualize bone fragments and alignment.
What are the Treatment Options for Ulna Fractures?
Treatment depends on the fracture's location, severity, and whether other bones or joints are involved:
- Non-surgical treatment: Simple, non-displaced fractures may be managed with a cast or splint and close follow-up.
- Surgical treatment: Displaced, open, or unstable fractures often require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws.
- Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is vital for regaining strength and range of motion after immobilization or surgery.